Agriculture Inventions

Agriculture as we all know is production of agri goods through the cultivation of crops and also by the massive domestication of animals. This study is called agri science. Agriculture inventions have evolved massively by the years as farming and farm machines have grown too in these years. What was done by the threshing machine for so many years has been taken over by the combine.
One of the first agriculture invention was the iron plow used a lot those days in the 1700's. Then came the wood plow in the 1800's and the iron plow was discontinued as the wood plow was easier and better to use. And then man had a brain wave and discovered the use of animals in farming and tamed horses and used them in the Reaper which was used in harvesting wheat and were drawn by horses.
The Reaper was a huge success as an agriculture invention. After this man discovered he could do more and a little more machinery will be more helpful and work can be done faster and on a larger scale. The cotton harvester came in the 1920's and it was a rage in agriculture invention. This was used in harvesting wheat on a large scale and really benefited the farmer.
Before this came the grain elevator in 1840's it was used in separating the grain from the wheat plant. Soon the cotton gin followed which was used to separate the seeds and the hulls and the other stuff not required from the cotton. This was quite a successful agriculture invention. Man also developed the corn picker.
The most revolutionary agriculture invention was the Tractor which was invented in the 1940's. This was the time when hand power was transformed into machine power. The tractor took over all manual work which used to take lot of time and energy of the farmers. This agriculture invention took farming to a different level.
To add on major agriculture inventions fertilizers were developed in early 1900's. This accelerated the growth of the crops and produced very healthy crops too. A little later pesticides were also produced which helped in killing all the harmful pests which destroyed the crops, so this invention brought in a lot of development in agri-products. Open geared gas tractors were also made during this time. Disk harrow which is a machine used to cut the grain stubble which is left behind in the field after harvesting is over was also a big agricultural invention. This saved a lot of manual labor and time too as a machine can work much faster than humans.
One of the latest developments in agriculture invention is the bio-technology and genetical revolution. Bio-technology and genetics have changed the face of agriculture and farming. New ways and technology has come up in farming with this revolution.
New technology of farming has been developed by scientists and agriculturalists and has been named as urban farming. This is a big step in agriculture invention. Scientists have developed new technique called "hydroponics", where plants are grown using mineral nutrient solutions instead of the normally used soil. Another new technique is called vertical farming where agriculturalists are growing crops in skyscrapers. This saves a lot of land problems and is a new beginning and a huge step in agriculture invention.

The Benefits Of Agricultural Biotechnology

Agricultural biotechnology is any technique in which living organisms, or parts of organisms are altered to make or modify agricultural products, to improve crops, or develop microbes for specific uses in agricultural processes. Simply put, when the tools of biotechnology are applied to agriculture, it is termed as "agricultural biotechnology". Genetic engineering is also a part of agricultural biotechnology in today's world. It is now possible to carry out genetic manipulation and transformation on almost all plant species, including all the world's major crops.

Plant transformation is one of the tools involved in agricultural biotechnology, in which genes are inserted into the genetic structure or genome of plants. The two most common methods of plant transformation are Agrobacterium Transformation - methods that use the naturally occurring bacterium; and Biolistic Transformation - involving the use of mechanical means. Using any of these methods the preferred gene is inserted into a plant genome and traditional breeding method followed to transfer the new trait into different varieties of crops.

Production of food crops has become much cheaper and convenient with the introduction of agricultural biotechnology. Specific herbicide tolerant crops have been engineered which makes weed control manageable and more efficient. Pest control has also become more reliable and effective, eliminating the need for synthetic pesticides as crops resistant to certain diseases and insect pests have also been engineered. Phytoremediation is the process in which plants detoxify pollutants in the soil, or absorb and accumulate polluting substances out of the soil. Several crops have now been genetically engineered for this purpose for safe harvest and disposal, and improvement of soil quality.

According to the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)'s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), in reference to a section specific to the major biotechnology derived field crops, out of the whole crop plantings in the United States in 2004, biotechnology plantings accounted for about 46 percent for corn, 76 percent for cotton, and 85 percent for soybeans.

Modern agricultural biotechnology has now become a very well-developed science. The use of synthetic pesticides that may be harmful to man, and pollute groundwater and the environment, has been significantly lessened with the introduction of genetically engineered insect-resistant cotton. Herbicide-tolerant soybeans and corn have also enabled the use of reduced-risk herbicides that break down more quickly in soil. These are nontoxic to plants or animals, and herbicide-tolerant crops help preserve topsoil from erosion since they thrive better in no-till or reduced tillage agriculture systems. Papayas resistant to the ringspot virus were also developed through genetic engineering, which saved the U.S. papaya industry.

Agricultural biotechnology may also be helpful in improving and enhancing the nutritious quality of certain crops. For example, enhancing the levels of beta-carotene in canola, soybean, and corn improves oil compositions, and reduces vitamin A deficiencies in rice. There are also researches going on in the field of biotechnology to produce crops that will not be affected by harsh climates or environments and that will require less water, fertilizer, labor etc. This would greatly reduce the demands and pressures on land and wildlife.

Effects of Global Warming on Agriculture and Food Supply - Implication For the USA

For a long time it has been believed that the effects of global warming on agriculture and food supply is going to be a positive one. This is because the rising level of carbon-dioxide resulted for climate change will help the greeneries for photosynthesis.
Thus there will be a rise of agricultural production and food supply. The theorem received a boost after the evidence of a sharp rise of barley production as one of the effects of temperature increase in Iceland which was quite impossible even few years ago.
But more recent experiments and researches have revealed that the effects of hotter weather on agriculture and food supply are not that good after all. AN UNEP 2001 report on the subject predicted that USA is going to have more droughts, floods, landslides and storms.
Winter will gradually be shortened and sobered down, while summer will rise in expansion and severity. Along with this heavy rain, big storm, heavy snowfall, high sea level, increasing coastal erosion and other problems will occur.
Though as one of the effects of climate change, the overall food supply and production level is supposed to rise in USA, but the Great Plains will suffer with more droughts resulting for these modifications.
Even now many effects of temperature increase on agriculture and food supply have been perceived. The popular maple syrup production of North east USA has diminished by 10%, moving its production zone to farther north for shorter and warmer winter.
On the other hand as one of the effects of global warming the south west USA is suffering from a water shortage which will increase in coming days. The zone has become dry for any standard agricultural production with an apprehension of resettling Dust Bowl of 1930s' by the year 2030 for climate change.
Following a report of IPCC on the weather modification, California's snow covered Sierra Mountains can reduce in near future by up to 60-90%. This will create dire water shortage in summer, making the Central Valley area unsuitable for agricultural production. The State University of Colorado has declared that the area is going to be less productive due to effects of global warming on agriculture and food supply.
Other destructive expected effects include the food supply production in Florida which is going to suffer a lot due to frequent and large scale floods. Also one of the most profitable agricultural products of USA - corn will suffer a bad condition due to dry and hot atmosphere.
As another example of the effects of weather change on agriculture and food supply - with the rise of temperature by 3 to 11 degrees in this century, the production rate of the main crops - the rice, corn, wheat, barley, soybeans and sorghum - will be cut down by 3-5% for each point rise of temperature.
However with all these effects of heat increase on agriculture and food supply, new attempts have been made to adjust the agricultural and food production method according to the changing atmosphere. So to fight the effects of weather alteration, the researchers have established new methods of production with continuous revision of models. But still the best possible process to reduce the effects of global warming on agriculture and food supply is to be established.

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The True Scope of Agriculture

Agriculture has been the primary occupation of human beings, and that too a very important one. It provides a variety of products - crops - that are essential for humankind. Agriculture not only supports humans for their subsistence, but helps a large number of industries too.

Agriculture forms the raw material for numerous farm products based industries. The basic products, resulting from agricultural activities, are processed in big factories, before the final product is marketed. As such, agriculture generates employment, both for people working in the farming sector as well as those in the industrial, agriculture-based sector.

These days, agriculture has become an important commercial activity. A variety of crops are grown, which can be classified as -

oFood crops

oCommercial crops

oFiber crops

oBeverage crops.

Agriculture has benefited a great deal from the various advancements in the field of science and technology - with modern machines making the 'field' jobs much easier than ever before. All over the world, agriculture is managed efficiently with the help of modern farm equipment. In the US, farmers rely much more on technology than on manual labor.

Machines are used for all important farm operations like - tilling, sowing, harvesting, sorting of fruits, etc. Most farmers prefer employing those laborers who are skillful, and who can operate upon their tractors, combines and harvesters. In fact, farmers are also ever so ready to try out every new development in the variety of crops, pesticides, fertilizers and the like.

The importance of agriculture also lies in the fact that it supports the export sector also - most of the farmers in the United States produce largely for exports, as the soil produce is quite fertile, and coupled with modern technology, the returns are huge. Some of the major farm products are crops like - rice, wheat, sugarcane, cotton, jute, tea, coffee and rubber - which are produced in most parts of the world.

In countries that export surplus farm output, agriculture is all the more significant, and the agricultural production is fairly high. As the farmer gets a good profit, his financial position, especially in developed countries, is better than many other entrepreneurs. He is now able to purchase the latest machinery, use latest techniques of farming, buy new and improved hybrid varieties of seeds, and use the best fertilizers to increase productivity.

Nowadays, there are improvements in wholesale marketing as well as transportation of farm products. The use of refrigeration systems and efficient rail transport has made possible the safe delivery of perishable farm products like dairy products, vegetables, and fruits. With barely 4% of total population of United States engaged in agriculture, they have huge exportable surplus.

Agriculture is not just limited to crop cultivation, dairy farming has become an indispensable part of the agricultural process. Dairy farming is the practice of farming in which cattle are kept for milk and milk products. Oftentimes, poultry is also included. In fact, the scope of agriculture has widened, with interrelated sectors over-lapping one another; and in the present scenario, each of these sectors is as important as any other!

AGRICULTURE

Agriculture is one of the ancient occupations of the Indian civilization. From the ancient civilization, agriculture is the key occupation of farmers. In layman’s language, cultivation of crops from the arable land is known as agriculture. Agriculture is considered to be the basic occupation of the Indian population. Nearly 70% of the people in India are working and involved in the agricultural sector. Also the land in India is very much fertile and very much friendly for growing any fruits, crops, minerals etc.

Farmers are the ones, who do agriculture and make sure that the entire process right from sowing the seed to its harvesting is taken care of. They also make sure, that right seed is sowed at the right time and harvesting is also done at the apt time. During yesteryears, agriculture was carried on with equipments like plough, tractor, bullocks etc. but nowadays many modern techniques and equipments are invented to make agriculture easy task.

Moreover, techniques are advanced in terms of soil that is, if a particular soil is not responding to a seed to grow than through technology soil is made in such circumstances that they support the conditions. Agriculture being backbone of the Indian economy, most of the revenue is generated from this sector only. Also Indian is very advanced in terms of agriculture education. People from various places around the world come in India to study agriculture science. Looking at the growth and technologies used by India, all the countries are trying to focus on agriculture. Many experts are asked to give lectures or take seminars on agricultural studies to various places.

There are many people, places where the real essence of agriculture is not understood. Even now, there are many places in India where the agriculture is not given importance. A farmer who sows and reaps food is exploited in many ways. There are mediators who destroy the real hard work of farmers. There are still the policies of tenancy going on at many places, where farmers are exploited by the landlords and are made work on their own lands.

There are still many changes required in the agriculture sector. Government should allocate more funds in upliftment of farmers, better and better technologies should be provided. One should not neglect the sector, from where we generate the maximum revenue and maximum share in the GDP. That is AGRICULTURE!!!

Agriculture Products

Agriculture is the life blood of a country, and contributes to the fundamental aspects of national food security, social stability and environmental protection. Despite the fact that most people in the world are involved in agricultural activities, it accounts only to 4 percent of the world’s GDP. Agricultural sector is a pivotal area of national development. All countries involve into the export and import of large number of agricultural products, enriching the global economic development.

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