Growing Career Opportunities In Biotechnology

Biotechnology unifies biology and technology by covering a wide range of subjects like agriculture, animal husbandry, biochemistry, bio-statistics, cell biology, chemistry, crop management, cropping system, ecology, engineering, genetics, health, immunology, medicine, microbiology, plant physiology, soil science, soil conservation, seed technology, and virology, etc. In biotechnology the living things, especially cells and bacteria are used in industrial process. Through these researches, various medicines, and vaccines are developed.

Scope of biotechnology in India

There is an immense possibility of getting jobs in this field as the demand for biotechnologists is growing in India as well as abroad. It is estimated that more than 6000 biotechnologists of top skill are required in India as per the survey made by the Human Resource Development Ministry.

Eligibility criteria to get into the field of biotechnology

The eligibility for this field requires graduation in science that is in physics, chemistry and biology. There is B.Tech for the undergraduates. Some universities in India offer the B.Sc biotechnology for which you can join after class 12 or equivalent examination, with physics, chemistry and mathematics. Graduates in all sciences, engineering technology, or medicine are eligible for the postgraduate (M.Sc.) course in biotechnology.

There are P.G. courses available in M.Sc. Biotechnology, M.Sc. (Agriculture) Biotechnology, M.V.Sc. (Animal) Biotechnology, M.Tech. Biotechnology, M.Sc./M.V.Sc. in Veterinary Biotechnology, M.Sc. (Marine) Biotechnology and a host of other courses are available.

Institutes that provide biotechnology course

Here are some well-known institutions of biotechnology, which offer graduate courses in the subjects:

o Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

o Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi

o Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi

o GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Uttar Pradesh

o National Centre for Plant Genome Research, New Delhi

o National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi

o National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore

The following are some of the universities that also offer graduate and post graduate courses in biotechnology:

o Osmania University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh

o Visva-Bharati, Birbhum, West Bengal

o Madras University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu

o Biotechnology University of Mysore, Karnataka

o Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh

o Benaras Hindu University

o Patna University, Bihar

o Rajasthan University, Rajasthan

o Biotechnology Banglore University, Karnataka

o Sai College Of Medical Science and Technology, Uttar Pradesh

o Biotechnology Gulbarga University, Karnataka

Jobs in biotechnology

Biotechnology as a subject has grown rapidly. A biotechnologist can get into government institutes and organizations, such as Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and the Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Development of Education, Science and Technology at Thiruvananthapuram.

Other fields include agriculture, dairy and horticulture institutes. Pharmaceutical companies like Dabur, Ranbaxy, Hindustan Lever, and Dr. Reddy's Labs, and many more. Food processing industry, chemical industry, and the textile industry are the other areas where you can look for jobs. Hindustan Lever, Thapar Group, Indo American Hybrid Seeds, Bincon India Ltd., IDPL, Hindustan Antibiotics, etc. are some of the big companies that employ biotechnologists.

Remuneration in biotechnology field

India is the next biotech frontier and there's immense scope to earn a lot in this field, but as always, the more well read you are more the amount you can expect. The factors for remuneration depend upon academic qualification, institute or university from which the degree is attained and the level of work experience.

In the corporate sector, a fresher with B.Sc. or B.Tech. degree can expect somewhere from Rs. 5,000 to Rs. 7,000 per month. Candidates with masters degrees, PhDs, or research background can expect Rs. 10,000 to Rs.15,000 per month. Salary increases with your experience, but due to lesser number of openings in this field as compared to other sectors, the salary hikes are low.

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Agriculture in a Nutshell

The word agriculture means "tak­ing care of the fields"-in other words, what we are used to thinking of as farming. And, in fact, agriculture and farming mean just about the same thing. But usually we would say "agriculture" when we mean the entire work and science of using the earth to produce food and other plants that are valuable to us; and we would use the word "farm­ing" to mean some particular branch of this, for example dairy farming, or chicken farming. You will note that the word "science" was used in the paragraph above.

Agri­culture is as much of a science as engi­neering, medicine, or any other scientific fields to which men and women turn for their life's work. Many different sciences go to make up the whole work of agriculture. Many different sciences have helped in making agriculture the respected and profitable work it is today. This has not always been so. Farm­ing used to be laborious, poorly paid work. A farmer had to work hard in his fields all day long, just to raise enough food for his own family. Usu­ally his wife had to help, and had no time for comfortable living; his chil­dren had to help, and had no time to get good educations.

Today the young man or woman of a family in the field of agriculture will go to one of the hun­dreds of agricultural colleges and uni­versities in the United States and will learn to make the family's farm even better in the future. In this encyclopedia there are separate articles on dairy farming and cattle farming and farm machinery and other branches of agriculture. In this article we will tell about what agricul­ture used to be, how it has changed, and what it is today. how agriculture has changed There have been farmers as long as there has been history and for tens of thousands of years before that.

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Organic Agriculture - The Way to Progress

Seeing our society from the past centuries up to the present, it is very much evident that there are several developments that took place. Due to these developments, life has become complicated. As a result of complication, people have overlooked the problems brought about by developments because of the glittering gold and silver that supposed developments offer.

Among the problems that have been overlooked for the past decades are the environmental problems which are becoming worse as the years passed by. Several environmental problems which we are facing right now are the results of agricultural malpractices due to lack of education.

Among the environmental problems is the continuous destruction of the soil because of excessive use of inorganic fertilizers which has resulted to soil infertility. An evidence to justify this fact is the gradual extinction of wild plants which were in the past, just sprout from the soil without human interventions. Another problem is the contamination of the water source and air because of excessive use of pesticides and other chemicals which are being used to spray the plants. As a result, clean water are becoming lesser which also contribute to the spread of communicable diseases. One thing more, is the increasing number of pests and diseases to both plants and animals and even humans. Because of all these problems, some people from the agricultural industry propose organic agriculture believing that this would at least lessen these problems.

Organic agriculture is a holistic production management that discourages the use of synthetic pesticides, fertilizers and genetically modified organisms. Purposively, it would contribute to the lessening of air soil and water pollutions, and maximizes the health of the interdependent communities of plants animals and humans. This means that there should be a balance in the environment whereby none of these living organisms would out number the other. This is because through organic agriculture, the lives of the beneficial micro-organisms are preserved to avoid the flourishing of pests and diseases that destroy the said interdependent communities. They are called interdependent communities because as the word "interdependent" imply, plants, animals and humans rely on each other in order to survive. Plants give off oxygen and food to humans and animals. On the other hand, animals and humans give off carbon dioxide and waste products for the plants to use in food processing or photosynthesis. Another thing to be given attention is the balance number of preys and predators in the environment. In other words the food chain cycle should not be disturbed because if that will happen there'll be a dominance of one population which results to food scarcity for the other population. For instance, if the farmers continuously use synthetic pesticides, small organisms will be killed which results to growing number of pests because no other organisms that would eat them. Because of this, plants that serve as the food for humans and animals will be destroyed by these pests. That is why organic agriculture is said to be the solution for food scarcity in the future to come.

For organic agriculture to come in reality, farmers should be educated about the proper practices in agriculture. In fact, in the Philippines, there are certain radio programs and television programs allotted for the promotion of organic agriculture. Other than that, seminars are also conducted by experts in agriculture. There are also cooperatives that are being established to cater to the needs and address the problems of the farmers. Other than that are the various government programs that are implemented to different regions of the country. But most importantly is the cooperative effort among the sectors in the society in promoting and supporting the implementation of organic agriculture practices. Among the sectors in the society that should exert more effort is the education sector with the facilitation of educational institutions especially with State universities or any university that offers agricultural courses.

Agricultural Store

Agricultural Stores are specialists in the supply of Agricultural products and equipment. Agriculture is widely used and is a growing market. Mainly farming based you will find a lot of equipment like tractors available along with bigger more expensive machinery.

It is not just machinery you will find; seeds, chemicals and all manner of farm related items are available. These shops are widespread but not found so much ion town centres; you are usually situated out of the way in country sides and farming villages.

Agricultural Stores has more than one meaning though, the other being Storage. Apart from being used as a term to describe a specific shop, it is also a term used to describe the storage of Agricultural Machinery. Farmers do not always have the space to store their larger machinery like combine harvesters and tractors. This is when the stores come in to place, at a price the farmer may rent storage room in which he can store all of his equipment and machines. The stores are also very secure and safe, nobody except yourself will be aloud access (unless you state other people as exceptions). These stores are often even used when the farmer does has room for his machinery but simply does not feel it is safe enough to be left outside.

The only inconvenience of the stores can be its location in relation to you, shipping containers are a way around this, they are mobile and can be set up at your desired location, working in the same way they are secure and allow you lots of storage space.

The Importance of Agriculture in a Technologically Advanced Society

Every place has its own prime agricultural products such as cereals, fruits, vegetables and industrial crops. The sustainability of these products can be achieved through the technologically advanced interventions such as irrigation facilities, farm mechanization, planting of crop hybrid varieties, post harvest facilities, integrated pest management, biological control of pest and diseases, organic farming through the use of trichoderma compost activator and vermiculture in the production of organic fertilizers; and the construction of farm to market roads for the accessibility of farm products to the market outlets.

The construction of irrigation facilities can increase the area of irrigated ricelands; thereby, increasing the rice production and generate more profits to the rice farmers. Furthermore, this will generate more jobs to the farmers in the localities. In upland areas where the crop production are vegetables, ornamentals and fruit trees, the type of irrigation that can be used are open source pump irrigation, sprinkler or drip pressurized.

Farm mechanization can be achieved through the procurement of four-wheel farm tractors for the land preparation in upland areas; and hand tractors or mudboat power tillers in the lowland rice areas. Post harvest facilities are the rice treshers, rice harvesters, rice mills, flat-bed dryers and drying pavements for rice; and corn shellers/ corn mills for corn products.

The use of hybrid varieties of crops can increase the production even in the same area; and generate more employment, since more harvest needs more workers especially during harvesting and post harvest activities. More harvest means more income to the farming households.

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The Importance of Agriculture

Agriculture usually plays a vital role in the economy of every nation that exists. Not only for the reason that it tends to feed the entire population of a country but also in the respect that agriculture correlates and interacts with all the related industries of that country. A country is usually considered to be a social and politically stable nation if it possesses a very stable agricultural basis.

A stable agricultural industry ensures a country of food security. Food security is considered to be one of the primary requirements of any nation. No nation can effectively grow with a stable agricultural base while harboring a nation of "hungry people", as these hungry people can do nothing what-so-ever towards helping develop their country. Food security prevents starvation which has traditionally been considered one of the largest problems being experienced by the small developing nations. Most countries depend upon agricultural products and related industries for their major source of income. Even the newly developing countries will find that they depend upon and can benefit greatly from their agricultural industry.

Aside from the crops and animals that are produced by the farmers who make up a country agricultural sector the agricultural field represents the main source of employment within most countries. The larger farms usually find it necessary to hire additional hands in which to successfully cultivate the lands and to take care of the related farm animals. Most of these large farms have processing plants located in nearby facilities for finalizing their agricultural products and developing the by-products. It goes without saying that these sub-industries employ considerable man-power within their operations. Most of the modern farms and agriculture-related industries make good use of today's modern equipment as well as the principles of science and technology.

The use of technologies in farming is determines by the competence of the various farmers towards coping with these advancements relating to the technologies. The country's farmers who can utilize the modern technologies involved with farming can assure a good production of their products which benefits their country as a whole. Modern farming technologies would be useless if the farmers are not competent enough to use any of the technology that they have available to them.

Most of the older industrialized cites have begun their growth primarily through the development of agriculture. These cities have done well on an agriculture basis before they fully begun to embrace the industrialization process. Most of the principles currently in use within our modern businesses have their roots stemming from the principles of agriculture. Bulk manufacturing is one of the practices that have been patterned from the seasoned harvesting often found in the area of agricultural practices. This method has saved many ancient cities from destruction during times of plague and drought. During the ancient times the countries harvested crops which were not merely used for immediate consumption but were often harvested and stored for future use. The same thing is practiced within the modern business procedures to ensure its stability.

Agriculture is usually common in rural areas which have the most arable lands, however with the modern technologies involved in farming agricultural activities are totally possible even in the urban areas. These activities can be accomplished to sustain personal or family needs or even for commercial purposes.

To trace the latest information in agricultural scenario and agro industry, agricultural, products, reserves, Indian importers, Trade Leads, business directories, catalogs and product reviews, www.made-from-india.com is the precise Indian Business to Business (B2B) portal. It maintains a large database of Indian Agricultural manufactures suppliers, India Agricultural products, Indian Farm Products, suppliers & producers of agricultural products including fertilizers, pesticides, animal feeds & extracts, agricultural product stocks, vegetable oil, Indian Agriculture information online news, irrigation equipment, machines & appliances, fruits & juices, edible products etc.

Invest in Agriculture - Defining the Risk in Agricultural Commodities

Many investors shy away from agricultural investments because of the misconception that agriculture is a risky venture. However, whether the venture is risky or not really does not lie in the sector, but more on the investor himself. Agricultural investments have its defined risk and benefits. It will indeed be very risky if one were to invest in low quality land. However, the case if very different if we were talking about prime investment grade farmland which provides stable and consistent returns while appreciating the principle.

Investors who do not have a foot in the agricultural commodity market is sorely missing out. I would guess that almost 90% of those reading this has absolutely no idea how the agricultural commodities can benefit them. This is not your fault entirely as most stock brokers and hedge fund managers are always calling for more buys into properties and bonds. Investors often call the agricultural commodity 'risky', but these are the very same folks who buy heavily into funds where they watch their shares go to zero. No commodity has ever gone to zero, and they never will.

Agriculture is the staple of almost every country's economy. By being able to provide the basic necessarily of life - food, agriculture commodity creates a tremendous economic impact. It cannot be denied that the food and farming industry is critical to the balance of trade and employment in every nation. All across the country, it is agricultural farmland that supports the economic base of nation. Let us not forget the impact that China will have on the worlds agricultural economy. The United States has a population of about 280 million, and about 330 million crop acres in production. In similar comparison, China has 1.4 billion people living off 270 million crops acres! The economic boom in China is imminent and just starting.

To trace the latest information in agricultural scenario and agro industry, agricultural, products, reserves, Indian importers, Trade Leads, business directories, catalogs and product reviews, www.made-from-india.com is the precise Indian Business to Business (B2B) portal. It maintains a large database of Indian Agricultural manufactures suppliers, India Agricultural products, Indian Farm Products, suppliers & producers of agricultural products including fertilizers, pesticides, animal feeds & extracts, agricultural product stocks, vegetable oil, Indian Agriculture information online news, irrigation equipment, machines & appliances, fruits & juices, edible products etc.

In recent years, the land and agricultural business has not received the best of press. There are a few selected companies out there which are measured as trustworthy, and all it takes is determination on your part to seek out these companies and to learn about investing in the agricultural commodity. Investing in agriculture can be very lucrative to the informed investor. Therefore, it is highly advisable that you seek and follow the latest news on very exciting sector.